Search results for " Malaria"
showing 10 items of 39 documents
Early Plasmodium-induced inflammation does not accelerate aging in mice
2019
10 pages; International audience; Aging is associated with a decline of performance leading to reduced reproductive output and survival. While the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging has attracted considerable attention, the molecular/physiological functions underlying the early-life benefits/late-life costs paradigm remain elusive. We tested the hypothesis that while early activation of the inflammatory response confers benefits in terms of protection against infection, it also incurs costs in terms of reduced reproductive output at old age and shortened longevity. We infected mice with the malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii and increased the inflammatory response using an anti-IL-10 r…
Social interactions modulate the virulence of avian malaria infection
2013
There is an increasing understanding of the context-dependent nature of parasite virulence. Variation in parasite virulence can occur when infected individuals compete with conspecifics that vary in infection status; virulence may be higher when competing with uninfected competitors. In vertebrates with social hierarchies, we propose that these competition-mediated costs of infection may also vary with social status. Dominant individuals have greater competitive ability than competing subordinates, and consequently may pay a lower prevalence-mediated cost of infection. In this study we investigated whether costs of malarial infection were affected by the occurrence of the parasite in compet…
Risk estimation for air travel-induced malaria transmission in central Europe – A mathematical modelling study
2019
Abstract Background Aim of our study was to identify conditions under which malaria transmission caused by imported infectious mosquitoes or travellers could occur at large central European airports, and if such transmission could be sustained by indigenous mosquitoes. Methods We developed a deterministic and a stochastic compartmental Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible (humans)/Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious (mosquitoes) model with two mosquito (imported Anopheles gambiae, indigenous A. plumbeus) and three human (travellers, airport personnel exposed/not exposed to imported A. gambiae) populations. We assessed various scenarios to identify combinations of model parameters…
Fatal delayed diagnosis in a patient with Falciparum malaria.
2004
This is a classical case of blackwater fever which is one of the most serious hematologic complications of falciparum malaria. The clinical manifestations of this acute intravascular hemolityc anemia are fulminating and delayed diagnosis is an important cause of mortality.
Effect of repeated exposure to Plasmodium relictum (lineage SGS1) on infection dynamics in domestic canaries.
2010
7 pages; International audience; Parasites are known to exert strong selection pressures on their hosts and, as such, favour the evolution of defence mechanisms. The negative impact of parasites on their host can have substantial consequences in terms of population persistence and the epidemiology of the infection. In natural populations, however, it is difficult to assess the cost of infection while controlling for other potentially confounding factors. For instance, individuals are repeatedly exposed to a variety of parasite strains, some of which can elicit immunological memory, further protecting the host from subsequent infections. Cost of infection is, therefore, expected to be partic…
Acalculous cholecystitis in a patient with plasmodium falciparum malaria and cytomegalovirus infection
2017
Acalculous cholecystitis is a syndrome of gallbladder inflammation without gallstones, recognized within the setting of critically ill patients. Acalculous cholecystitis associated with infectious agents is reported in the literature to be rare. Herein we describe a case of acalculous cholecystitis in a patient with malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and apparent cytomegalovirus infection, and discuss the possible role of CMV in the pathogenesis of acalculous cholecystitis in patients with malaria.
Food availability and competition do not modulate the costs of Plasmodium infection in dominant male canaries.
2013
7 pages; International audience; Understanding the different factors that may influence parasite virulence is of fundamental interest to ecologists and evolutionary biologists. It has recently been demonstrated that parasite virulence may occur partly through manipulation of host competitive ability. Differences in competitive ability associated with the social status (dominant or subordinate) of a host may determine the extent of this competition-mediated parasite virulence. We proposed that differences between subordinate and dominant birds in the physiological costs of infection may change depending on the level of competition in social groups. We observed flocks of domestic canaries to …
Immunity, resistance and tolerance in bird-parasite interactions.
2013
12 pages; International audience; Interacting pathogens and hosts have evolved reciprocal adaptations whose function is to allow host exploitation (from the pathogen stand point) or minimize the cost of infection (from the host stand point). Once infected, two strategies are offered to the host: parasite clearing (resistance) or withstanding the infection while paying a low fitness cost (tolerance). In both cases, the immune system plays a central role. Interestingly, whatever the defence strategy adopted by the host, this is likely to have an effect on parasite evolution. Given their short generation time and large population size, parasites are expected to rapidly adapt to the environment…
Il servizio della Croce Rossa Italiana nelle zolfare di Sicilia dal 1898 al 1913.
2008
La Croce Rossa Italiana nelle miniere di zolfo in Sicilia ha iniziato a svolgere il suo primo servizio in tempo di pace nel 1898, a 34 anni dalla sua fondazione. E' stata ammirevole l'attività di I. Di Giovanni e di altri medici, anche dell'Università degli Studi di Palermo, quali A. Trmbusti ed i suoi allievi A. Amato e G. Gabrielli. Il servizio ha interessato all'esordio gli infortuni sul lavoro e successivamente anche la lotta all'anchilostomiasi e alla malari. Le norme hanno imposto agli industriali lo sviluppo di un sistema di tutela assicurativa e la costituzione in sindacato, al pari di altre nazioni europee. la presenza della Croce Rossa si è protratta fino al 1913, quando il Sindac…
Blood parasites mediate morph-specific maintenance costs in a colour polymorphic wild bird
2011
Parasites can mediate profound negative effects on host fitness. Colour polymorphism has been suggested to covary genetically with intrinsic physiological properties. Tawny owl colour polymorphism is highly heritable with two main morphs, grey and brown. We show that experimental medication acts to reduce blood parasites and that medicated grey females maintain body mass during breeding, whereas medicated brown females decline in body mass similar to control females of both morphs. We find no effect of medication on general immunoglobulin levels, antigen-specific humoral response or H/L ratio. In the descriptive data, both morphs have similar blood parasite infection rates, but blood parasi…